We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. Danca kadД±nlar iГ§in tanД±Еџma ve evlilik To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Relationship anywhere between dowry/fiance rate (paid by the from inside the-statutes out of sisters, other people on town and you can community) and wife’s condition on the marital household (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Discussion and you may robustness inspections
Within the determining the ladies’ status on marital home, the outcome of net dowry (dowry without fiance rate) can get matter. Keep in mind that the degree of deferred mehr is roofed individually out-of the internet dowry given that former has never been paid until divorce case occurs and cannot meet the requirements possessions put toward wedding. The outcome advise that the brand new assets lead on the ount) increase their own decision-and work out strength and autonomy. This type of positive connectivity are not alarming since the fresh new relationships off fiance rate paid back during matrimony manage restrict to the ones from dowry in the primary estimations.
Perhaps, an elevated decades otherwise studies improvement you’ll damage new wife’s standing regarding relationship family. Including age huge difference as well as knowledge differences (replacement the fresh new husband’s decades and you can knowledge) does not impact the fundamental consequences, as well as the coefficients of those details are not high (Appendix Table 9, Committee B).
The estimation procedure is actually constant by replacement dowry and you can bride-to-be speed with online dowry (Appendix Desk nine, Committee A beneficial)
You to definitely might believe how many decades while the relationship is actually important because the outcome of dowry (otherwise fiance price) would be better soon after wedding. And age just like the ount out-of dowry (replacing female’s decades at the wedding) magnifies the base effectation of dowry within the ladies freedom but reduces the magnitude plus the relevance height when you look at the ladies’ decision making (Appendix Table 9, Panel C). Meaning you to a more impressive dowry increases the wife’s flexibility in the the new relationship house immediately after marriage; although not, brand new association is not rather impacted by the fresh new passing of years while the marriage.
No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimate due to endogeneity issues. One to you’ll believe introduction of such procedures could possibly get weaken the fresh connection ranging from dowry and you can ladies’ standing regarding the relationship home. While we never reject the chance that preferences and you will ideological opinions about the gender relations are not intrinsic and alter across the marital lives, the fresh new estimation process is regular from the including one or two steps getting young man preference: the first varying equals one to in the event the wife’s most readily useful number of sons is actually greater than regarding daughters together with next means one in the event that wife desires give degree in order to sons in the place of to daughters. Dealing with to own gender ideology doesn’t considerably affect the head quote results (Appendix Desk 9, Panel D). Interestingly, ladies decision-making is seriously with the child liking. But not, it is adversely associated with preference to own delivering advanced schooling in order to sons than daughters. A possible translation is the fact highly educated women may be against gender inequality in degree and be a lot more motivated in the marital family but prefer having alot more sons than daughters. It seems in line with some current education proving you to young man taste is far more common among very knowledgeable feminine unlike ignorant female into the Southern area China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).
